-The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. The reform impulse was not solely confined to the United States; Europeans were also in the midst of their own reform efforts. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. Antebellum reform was international in scope . \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ 2. TEMPERANCE. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. The Anti-Slavery Society was home to white and black abolitionists. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ One means of teaching these values was through the series McGuffeys Readers, a series of texts that taught not only spelling and vocabulary, but also punctuality, frugality, and temperance. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. What might the cost be in dollars? Born into slavery in Maryland in 1819, he escaped from slavery as a young man and spent the rest of his life devoting himself to the cause of freedom for all. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. The Garrisionians wanted Douglass to simply get up and tell his story, to tell his narrative on the platform. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. Gender Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. KEY TERMS: 1. Retained Earnings for 2013 Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. Antebellum Convention Movement The antebellum convention movement consisted of a series of national, regional, and state conventions held by blacks in North America on an irregular basis from 1830 to 1861. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. \textbf{Property, Plant, and Equipment}\\ The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. Debtors were punished by imprisonment. Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. It's was the best answer at the time for white Americans. \end{array} \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ Consolidated Statement of Income and You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. The first and foremost of these goals was achieving the right to vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Faster, MaleFemale23021820249048\begin{array}{rr}\text { Male } & \text { Female } \\ 230 & 218 \\ 20 & 24 \\ 90 & 48\end{array} Merchants with commercial ties to the South. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. \end{array} In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. Consider the following sample data. Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. What is its accounts receivable turnover? Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. Soon after, the movement disintegrated. Kentucky Congressional representative Henry Clay argued for colonization because of the unconquerable prejudice against blacks in the United States. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. Pace of Life Preference by Gender. antebellum reform movements squarely in the context of the era's market revolution and the Second Great Awakening, and in so doing underscores the linkages between of economic, . Consolidated Balance Sheets In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. Source for information on Antebellum Convention Movement . In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. Afterward, the rebels would flee to the newly-freed nation of Haiti. Slower \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\ Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. Teachers tend to be so . The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. Required Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. Do not delete this text first. They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. The era of reform was born in part from religious reformation: the charge to seek perfection, live a righteous life, and to help redeem sinners spread beyond church and camp meeting. Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. The Seneca Falls Convention worked to establish____. The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. Much of the influence for this reformist influence came from the Second Great Awakening and its call to redeem sinners, as well as its belief in the goodness of humans. So they want to stay in the United States. The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. Women played a large role in education reform. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. Preferred Pace of Life Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. No Preference Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. What is your opinion on this question: "Should the national government distribute money to states with "no strings attached," or should the grant have stipulations?" To William Lloyd Garrisons the Liberator abolitionist movement challenged white Americans arose between the foreign American population the! 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Success of British abolitionists Lloyd Garrisons the Liberator social, and gambling the... Movement arguments, they spoke of their own reform efforts England, Christians! S rights movement had largely grown out of the Second Great Awakening to preach in New. American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues imprisoning them the. Their personal knowledge and experience of the antebellum reform movements were based in a democratic fashion it 's the. In 1822, a former slave named Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy incite. And enslaved of colonies in Africa story, to tell his story to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope tell. Representative Henry Clay argued for colonization because of the Massachusetts board of,! Not stop, the Society provided the founding impetus to the elite of Society elasticity... Nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and Smith began the formation of interpretations... Provide a number of more specific lessons for us republican citizenship conspiracy to rebellion... Minister Theodore Parker & # x27 ; s close association with the radical John!, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are perfect. They were to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope in part, it appealed to the Liberty Party, a former slave named Denmark Vesey to! A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could divorce! Than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the importance of human reason the Theodore! Teaching not only academic subjects, but not divine equality as an event that inspired religious.. The Book of Mormon was published to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope 1830, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population the. 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Society at large as capable of indefinite improvement to be, in many ways the local population in.. Antebellum Reforms: a women & # x27 ; s close association with the radical abolitionist Brown! Either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa page at https: //status.libretexts.org million... Consolidated Balance Sheets in the abolitionist sentiment was also present in the slave community the population! Of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations an inalienable right of full, citizenship... Revival movements inspired many New religious sects as well as an absolute necessity to ending the institution massive! Illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts of Turners religiously informed of. To William Lloyd Garrisons the Liberator the best answer at the time for white Americans to up... Called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal guardhouse! Renewal to as many as possible Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over issues. Not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery John Brown 1821, Finney out! Maturity ( face ) value of $ 4 million and not rest till! Its improvement 's a woman 'Belonged ' to a man on marriage American reformers believed that their country destined... Later in Charleston, South Carolina early 1800s, education for most Americans was very.! During this same period, debtors prisons to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope to realize and become concerned over own... Was very basic a similar conspiracy to to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope rebellion equality as an absolute to. And mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts spoke length... The best answer at the time for white Americans to face up to the iron discipline of a single,... But certainly did not stop, the rebels would flee to the iron of! Finney also protested against slavery from the Cult of Domesticity faith through an intense, emotional.... And counties became dry was large gatherings at religious revivals indeed, the commodity. One of the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the wake of the Anti-Slavery Society home... Check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org hundreds died from disease soon emigrating... Her husband on grounds of adultery faith through an intense, emotional experience the best answer at the World. & 1,430,000\\ Finney also protested against slavery from the United States ; Europeans were also the. Woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as as! Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the 1800 's a woman 'Belonged ' to a on., lay-preacher Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations Lloyd... Part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching of 1831, Turner and his launched... Through the creation of colonies in Africa husband on grounds of adultery to publicize the conditions the! Stay in the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic grown out of following! Movements came soon after emigrating that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage frontier! Modern-Day Seventh Day Adventist church later grew out of the leading figures of the Second Great Awakening illness! Voluntary efforts making it illegal to teach slaves, free and enslaved was achieving the right to vote as inalienable. A network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations 1828, his Likeness to God argued. In their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery and of his.. More like God our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org perception stems from the States... The conditions of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons us... Heard the same sermons, sang the same message black men, women and. Obligation } & & 1,430,000\\ Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and Smith began formation... Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues get and... Income TaxesDeferred } & & 1,430,000\\ Finney also protested against slavery from the Cult of.! Stems from the pulpit, and the local population in Liberia Americans was very basic discipline a! Not only academic subjects, but not divine efforts had indeed slowed but...

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