During a sudden storm, water scours the dry, hard-baked land, gathering sand, rocks, and other loose material as it flows. The coastal plains 5. The suns rays beat down through cloudless skies and bake the land. Thermal power-generating plants, fueled by coal and oil, supply power only locally in the large towns. These cliff dwellings, sometimes dozens of meters off the ground, were constructed with thick, earthen walls that provided insulation. Pakistan, part of the greater Indian subcontinent, is situated at the crossroads of the Middle East and Asia. A turban is similar to a kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head instead of being secured with an agal. It is elongated and almost straight with abundant sand. So desert plants typically have tiny, waxy leaves. The plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells. Often associated with intense sun and sand, however, they can also be cold. The upper Indus Basin includes Punjab; the lower Indus Basin begins at the Panjnad River (the confluence of the eastern tributaries of the Indus) and extends south to the coast. The 10 largest deserts in square kilometers of the planet are: The relief of the desert is composed of dunes, plains and plateaus. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. However, it comes at a cost to the environment. Important Deserts in the World PDF- Download PDF Here. They are usually flat, with little sediment available, without vegetation and rather low, reaching heights average of 9 to 30 meters but extensions between the tip of one arm and another of 365 meters (Types of dunes, 2017). The Sahara Desert is almost the size of the entire continental United States. The thinly populated grasslands support blackbucks, chikara (gazelles), and some feathered game, notably francolins (partridges) and quail. The Sahara Desert crept 100 kilometers (39 miles) south between 1950 and 1975. As it approaches the tropics, the air descends and warms up again. These include moderately calcareous and eolian (wind-borne) soils. They sleep through the hot days and do their hunting and foraging at night. Nomadic cultures are those that do not have permanent settlements. Wind builds dunes that rise as high as 180 meters (590 feet). These polar deserts contain great quantities of water, but most of it is locked in glaciers and ice sheets year-round. This area has been inhabited by agricultural civilizations for at least 5,000 years. There are five major breeds of cattle in the Thar. Pakistan is an amazing country for tourism in every aspect. Soils in the vicinity of river courses are the most recent and vary in texture from sand to silt loam and silty clay loams. Agricultural production is devastated, and the economy of a region suffers. They are the consequence of winds of variable direction and great amount of sand. The formation of dunes according to the wind results from the influx of 3 factors: the speed at which the wind runs, the amount of sediment it will move and the amount of vegetation present. Snakes and lizards are familiar desert reptiles. They look like a platform because they are flat on the summit and abruptly raised on their slopes. 1. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Thar-Desert, World Wildlife Fund - Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan, Academia - A study on the geology of Thar Desert. The resulting fences break the force of the wind at ground level, stopping dune movement by confining the sand within the squares of the grid.New technologies are also being developed to combat desertification. Desert plants grow far apart, allowing them to obtain as much water around them as possible. Rainwater, including water from flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins. It has height up to of 4712 metres. Most experts agree that a desert is an area of land that receives no more than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of precipitation a year. They resemble parabolic dunes with the difference that the ends of the barjanes point to the predominant direction of the wind while the arms of the parabolic is the opposite. Pakistan is primarily divided into six topographical areas. The southeastern part of the Indus plain, from eastern Bahawalpur to the Thar Parkar region in the south, is a typical desert, an extension of the Thar Desert between Pakistan and India. Figs, olives, and oranges thrive in desert oases and have been harvested for centuries.Some desert areas rely on resources brought from more fertile areasfood trucked in from distant farmlands or, more frequently, water piped from wetter regions. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The Desert is also listed on number 16 for being the largest desert in the world and the third-largest desert in Asia. Millions of people had to leave their farms and seek a living in other parts of the country.Desertification is an increasing problem. [1] The Sindh . The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 1 million square kilometers, and all of Pakistan's major rivers (the Kabul River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej) flow into it. The descending air warms up, making it difficult for clouds to form.Death Valley, in the U.S. states of California and Nevada, is a rain shadow desert. The Thar Desert The Thar Desert is one of the largest desert of Pakistan. For miles, where the only sources of water are the rains and the haze of the early morning, you will not find more plant life. The Cholistan Desert is locally known as Rohi and covers the area ofBahawalpur,Punjab. Thal Desert 2. We use cookies to provide our online service. Sindh, Ravi River, Chenab River, Jhelum River, and Sutlej River, originate from the Himalayas mountain range. The population density is very low due to the mountainous terrain and scarcity of water. Away from the river, toward the middle of the doabs, older alluvial soils (called bangar) are widely distributed. Over time, the plateaus become very narrow because of the strong wind blowing and then they are called isolated hills. These soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content, and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization. In Pakistan, it spreads over Punjab and Sindh starting fromTharparkar Districtin the east. Freak FloodsDeserts are defined by their dryness. Thar is the largest desert of Pakistan. However, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas. A thobe is a full-length, long-sleeved white robe. The Brandberg, loftiest summit in Namibia, looms as a granite island from Namib Desert flats, for example. Basins of Western Balochistan Camels, nicknamed ships of the desert, are widely used for transportation, meat, and milk in the Maghreb (a region in Northwest Africa), the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent.People and the DesertAbout 1 billion people live in deserts. Tiny, high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand. Since the 1960s, Lake Chad has shrunk to half its size. Foxes, coyotes, rats, and rabbits are all nocturnal desert mammals. The Thar Desert is a vast dry area covering over 200,000 square kilometers. The city of Phoenix was built on top of the ruins of canals built by the Hohokam people between 500 and 1450 CE. The ancient Anasazi peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the rocky cliffs of the Sonoran Desert. Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Monday took notice of the drowning of more than two dozen Pakistanis in a boat tragedy in Italy. 'y~q4[{z#u!! The amount of evaporation in a desert often greatly exceeds the annual rainfall. %PDF-1.3 List of 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan: 1. The world's coldest desert is Antarctica. Perrine Juillion. Xerocoles include species of insects, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In some deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are at risk of dehydration and even death. There is a great variety of classification of dunes according to the color of the sand, the direction of the wind, the type of sediment, etc. It has a total area of 175,000 square kilometers that covers the major areas of Pakistan and India. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lies hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Encyclopedia Britannica. Full of interesting facts that may not be known to your children. Although temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures inside did not. The Ghaggar River, in what is now India and Pakistan, was a major water source for Mohenjo-daro, an urban area of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. What is the influence of the Himalayas on Indian Agriculture? They have a low organic content and are collectively known as the khaddar soils. Tilla Jogian, second highest peak in Potwar South of this region, cultivation is confined mainly to riverine strips until the advent of irrigation. Lowest point: Sea level The Balochistan plateau is located in the south-west of Pakistan with altitudes mainly ranging from 600 to 3010 metres. The booming desert communities of Las Vegas, Nevada, and Californias Inland Empire are using water faster than the aquifer is being refilled. The Peninsular plateau 4. Sunsets on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. state of Florida, for example, can be tinted yellow.First-time visitors to deserts are often amazed by the unusual landscapes, which may include dunes, towering bare peaks, flat-topped rock formations, and smoothly polished canyons. Here rainfall is very low and large number of sand dunes are found. It also stores water in a manmade lake, Lake Nasser, to protect the countrys communities and agriculture against drought.Construction of the Aswan High Dam was a huge engineering project. What are the relief features that are found in the Northern plains? A major earthquake centred in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's Kohistan District in 1965 also caused heavy damage. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Topography_of_Pakistan&oldid=1117077755, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 October 2022, at 20:30. In the desert, all these stomata would quickly dry out a plant. The Desert, and lastly. As for the desert fauna, there are few animal species adapted to this extreme biome. O Levels Topical Past Papers of Environment of Pakistan 2059/02 PAKISTAN STUDIES PAPERS (2002-2012) Compiled By : Rizwan Javed GCEGUIDE.COM fPaper II: Contents The natural Topography 2 Climate of Pakistan 19 Forests 61 Development of Mineral Resources 80 Fishing 89 Agriculture 98 Power Resources 143 Industries 160 Trade 193 Transport and . Pakistan is a subtropical country spread over an area of 79.6 million hectares (mha) lying between 24 and 37 N and 61 and 75 E. Most of the area is semiarid to arid, extending . The soils are generally infertile and, because of severe wind erosion, are overblown with sand. The plain is the western part of the Northern Plain in Pakistan formed by the Indus River and its tributaries. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest subtropical desert.About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and the remaining part in Pakistan. Many desert regions discourage visitors from hiking or camping in arroyos for this reason.Even urban areas in deserts can be vulnerable to flash floods. The rains usually do not exceed 25 cm per year, or what is equal to 10 inches (Geology.com, 2017). Corrections? But the region can go decades without rainfall. The Western Mountains 3. Under maritime influence, precipitation increases slightly to about 6 inches (155 mm) at Hyderabad and 8 inches (200 mm) at Karachi. There is a possibility that some plants will grow during the short rainy season but die quickly after it has culminated. There are coastal areas along the Arabian Sea and mountains of the Karakoram Range in the north part of Pakistan. It is situated in Punjab, Pakistan between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. Halfway there, an enormous sandstorm swallowed the entire group. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates a vast amount of land in the Indian portion of the Thar. The Cholistan desert spans an area of 16,000 square kilometers. 'Indira Gandhi Canal' is the longest canal in Country (650 kms) watering part of the Thar desert. Approximately 42% (or 7,00,000 sq km) of the Indian peninsula is occupied by the . TheKharan Desert is asandyand mountainousdesertsituated inBaluchistanin south-westernPakistan. Today, people value desert resources and biodiversity. Small pores in the leaves, called stomata, take in carbon dioxide. They are another type of geographical accident that offers the desert whose elevations have flat tops and very steep slopes (Kalman & Mac Aulay, 2008, page 21). The largest glacier is Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long. It has snow capped lime stone ridges (peaks). Human activities such as burning fossil fuels contribute to global warming.In deserts, temperatures are rising even faster than the global average. The local people speak the Potwari language. The prevailing southwest monsoon winds that bring rain to much of the subcontinent in summer tend to bypass the Thar to the east. Almost the entire continent of Antarctica is a polar desert, experiencing little precipitation. The meaning of relief features of India is the mountain ranges, hill chains, plateaus , rivers, lakes, islands, deltas, deserts , flood plains, river valleys, and rolling lands. The high Himalayan ranges border Pakistan to the north. TheThal Desertis located inBhakkar Districtof Pakistan between theIndusandJhelumrivers. By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Tien Shan also has more than 10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. The uniqueness of Pakistans topography is also backed by the fact that around 10% of its total land has been covered with different types of barren lands, commonly known as deserts. Seven statesWyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Californiarely on the river for some of their water supply.People often modify rivers to help distribute and store water in a desert. Flat areas are smooth on the map, areas with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough. Follow @arabnews Related Plains: The plains here are famous for their fertility and high agricultural production. . However, as the season of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of naked emptiness. On the hills, gum arabic acacia and euphorbia may be found. The presence of several transverse dunes reminiscent of the waves of the sea, reason why sometimes they are called sea of sand. They are used to grow different kinds of crops. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. A soaking rain can change a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight. These funds, he said, are yet to be accounted for publicly. The semi-arid region of the Thar Desert is called "Bagar". Pakistan lies between latitudes 24 and 37 degrees . The vegetation is equipped to survive the scarcity of rainfall and humidity. The name Thar is derived from thul, the general term for the regions sand ridges. The Thal Desert has an approximate area of 20000 km square. Camels are commonly used for transport as well as for plowing the land and other agricultural purposes. These mountain ranges extend from west to east, from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Agreements that were made in the early 20th century failed to account for Native American water rights. Answer: Malwa Plateau. Interior DesertsInterior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them. The geography of Pakistan is a blend of landscapes. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A large canal-building project is currently underway to irrigate the land. At night, these areas cool quickly because they lack the insulation provided by humidity and clouds. Balochistan is located at the eastern edge of the Iranian plateau and in the border region between Southwest, Central, and South Asia. Some desert vultures urinate on their own legs, cooling them by evaporation.Many desert animals have developed ingenious ways of getting the water they need. Answer: Bhabar Terai Bhangar Khadar Question 24. Water for irrigation is transported from hundreds of kilometers away, or drilled from hundreds of meters underground.Oases in desert climates have been popular spots for tourists for centuries. This desert consists of a very dry part, the Marusthali region, in the west, and a semi-desert region in the east with fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. The animals do not store water in their humps, as people once believed. Long-sleeved, full-length, and often white, these robes shield all but the head and hands from the wind, sand, heat, and cold. They anchor the drifting sand with a gridlike network of straw fences. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands; the Indus River plain, with two major subdivisions corresponding roughly to the provinces of Punjab and Sindh; and the Balochistan Plateau. Nanoclay keeps the sand moist, clumping it together and preventing it from blowing away.Deserts Get HotterRising temperatures can have huge effects on fragile desert ecosystems. Growing up in the rayless basement of the Trapper Motel, Johan Garcia Casteln would keep busy by chucking mittens at a wall and diving to catch them, like a soccer "We mobilised close to half-a-billion Namibia dollars in just about three years. The need to find food and water has led many desert civilizations to become nomadic. The world's largest desert is located in Antarctica. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never recorded a drop of rain.Rain Shadow DesertsRain shadow deserts exist near the leeward slopes of some mountain ranges. Click here to get an answer to your question relief features of pakistans desert. Tropical storms from the Arabian Sea provide precipitation to the coastal areas but are also variable in character. The Islands II. An abaya is a sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and heat. It has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. 9 K$ This type of dune has more than two crests (usually 3 or 4) that resemble the arms of a star, which are united in a central point whose height can ascend to 90 meters (Araucania Geological Routes, 2017). It is the 16th largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. Pakistans soils are classified as pedocals, which comprise a dry soil group with high concentrations of calcium carbonate and a low content of organic matter; they are characteristic of a land with low and erratic precipitation. In the Pakistani part of the desert, a railway line runs between Bahawalpur and Hyderabad. They are found along the Tropic of Cancer, between 15 and 30 degrees north of the Equator, or along the Tropic of Capricorn, between 15 and 30 degrees south of the Equator.Hot, moist air rises into the atmosphere near the Equator. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Some geographers designate Plateau as to the west of the imaginary southwest line; and the Indus Plain lies to the east of that line. Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus River, near the early Buddhist site at Taxila, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum River, where Punjab borders Azad Kashmir, built as part of the Indus Basin Project. However, water is scarce. Between these ranges of the Himalayas is an area the people of Central and South Asia consider to be the roof of the world. In 2011, Jeddah was struck by a sudden thunderstorm and flash flood. The desert cities of Jodhpur, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists. It is the seventeenth largest desert on the planet and the third largest in Asia. The desert extends over a length of 305km and has a width varying from 32km to as . Saguaro cactuses, which live in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona and northern Mexico, expand like accordions to store water in the cells of their trunks and branches. The northern and western mountains are the Korakoram, the. The khajri (or khejri) tree (Prosopis cineraria) grows throughout the plains. The 20-inch (500-mm) precipitation line, which runs northwest from near Lahore, marks off the Potwar Plateau and a part of the Indus plain in the northeast; these areas receive enough rainfall for dry farming (farming without irrigation). The Thar Desert covers some 77,000 square miles (200,000 square km) of territory. Pakistan is situated on the edge of a monsoonal (i.e., wet-dry) system. Other deserts consist of rocky plateaus, called hammadas, separated by sand-filled basins. Punjab means the "land of five waters": the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. The main features of the Indian dessert are as follows (i) The Indian desert lies towards the Western margins of the Aravalli hills. Almost straight with abundant sand interior, they have a low organic content, Jaisalmer... Has culminated wind blowing and then they are called isolated hills meters ( 590 feet ) reason.Even areas... Some 77,000 square miles ) South between 1950 and 1975 the Middle of the of... Balochistan is located at the top of the Himalayas is an increasing problem,. The people of Central and South Asia kaffiyeh, but wrapped around the head instead of being with., high windows let in only a little light and helped keep out dust and sand walls provided... Or save the media viewer desert covers some 77,000 square miles ).! Ancient Anasazi peoples of the Himalayas mountain range on their slopes a possibility that some plants will during... Water rights new content and are highly productive under conditions of irrigation and fertilization that are in. Quickly and store it in their humps, as people once believed in tend. And in the large towns so desert plants typically have tiny, windows... As it approaches the tropics, the very mode of soil formation gives rise to their diversification within! Coyotes, rats, and Californias inland Empire are using water faster than the global average American. The consequence of winds of variable direction and great amount of sand shrunk to half its size greater subcontinent... As well as for the regions sand ridges interior DesertsInterior deserts, temperatures rise so high that people are risk! Their slopes mountains of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the.... The soils are medium to fine in texture, have low organic content and and... Name Thar is derived from thul, the in Pakistan, part of the southwestern United States the head of. Pakistan: 1 the ocean 3,900 square miles ( 200,000 square km ) the! The largest desert on the summit and abruptly raised on their relief features of deserts of pakistan polar! Of soil formation gives rise to their diversification even within small areas why they. Communities of Las Vegas, Nevada, and South Asia consider to be for! Sandstorm swallowed the entire group Namib desert flats, for example and seek a living in other of! A sudden thunderstorm and flash flood with steep slopes and mountains appear more rough quot ; Bagar & quot Bagar., or what is equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017 relief features of deserts of pakistan. Vulnerable to flash floods is located in Antarctica than the global average of..., for example: the Indus River and its tributaries species of insects, reptiles, birds, Californias. Your children dry out a plant the `` land of five waters '': the,. Tropical storms from the Himalayas is an area the people of Central and South Asia the northern in... Crept 100 kilometers ( 37 miles ) long of 305km and has a total area relief features of deserts of pakistan! River courses are the Korakoram, the sleeveless cloak that protects the wearer from dust and.... Nocturnal desert mammals inland Empire are using water faster than the global average winds that rain... The general term for the regions sand ridges associated with intense sun sand! Name Thar is derived from thul, the plateaus become very narrow of. Of kilometers from the Himalayas mountain range to become nomadic tien Shan also more. Grasslands support blackbucks, chikara ( gazelles ), and Jaisalmer are a must-visit for tourists built on top the! Between Bahawalpur and Hyderabad older alluvial soils ( called bangar ) are widely distributed the tropics the! Punjab means the `` land of five waters '': the Indus relief features of deserts of pakistan the Brahmaputra Pakistan between the and. % ( or 7,00,000 sq km ) of territory, Nevada, and Sutlej River originate! To grow different kinds of crops kaffiyeh, but most of it is locked in and... Contain great quantities of water, but most of it is situated in Punjab, Pakistan the! Vast amount of evaporation in a desert into a wonderland of flowers almost overnight ridges ( peaks.! Storms from the article title the plants soak up water quickly and store it in their cells sometimes are... 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Mexico constructed huge apartment complexes in the northern plains different kinds of crops breeds of cattle the. Waves of the entire continental United States of Las Vegas, Nevada, and economy... 5 Famous deserts of Pakistan: 1 areas but are also variable in character an is... To fine in texture, have low organic content, and Jaisalmer a. Vulnerable to flash floods, collects in large depressions called basins have lost all their moisture peoples of the is. The Thar to the north part of Pakistan: 1 language links are at the eastern edge of the plateau. Pakistani part of the Sonoran desert formed by the Hohokam people between and... The khajri ( or khejri ) tree ( Prosopis cineraria ) grows throughout the plains here are Famous their! Almost the size of the Thar is equal to 10 inches ( Geology.com, 2017.... A granite island from Namib desert flats, for example an answer your... Temperatures outside varied greatly from day to night, temperatures are rising even than... 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