Of all things, Im fairly certain that its NOT biblical. As such, moderation appears as the silken string running through the pearl-chain of all virtues, to use a beautiful image from the 17th-century English author Joseph Hall. describes the happy life intended for man by nature as one lived in accordance with virtue, and, in his Politics, he describes the role that politics and the political community must play in bringing about the virtuous life in the citizenry. Book II, Chap. So far: in rebus omnibus moderatio.. Pacifica I understand that I can withdraw my consent at any time. 1-5: Further discussion of Pleasure. This means that we ought to be moderate in a moderate manner; a tautology instead of a contradiction. Though written more than 2,000 years ago, it offers the modern reader many valuable insights into human needs and conduct. To sum up, Aristotle's political approach is different from Plato's approach in the sense that Plato's approach is not applicable in the ideal society. Because you cannot know my preferences, hopes, history, and opportunities, and because I cannot know yours, neither of us is well equipped to make sound decisions for the other. In the end, society winds up with immoderately large amounts of the undesirable behavior protected by government and too little of the desirable behaviors necessary for a prosperous, free, and civil society. I've spent a few hours on it thus far nothing. At first, Alexander mocks his tutor, anticipating his argument that virtue is following a mean or middle path, saying: "You prize mediocrity.". Learn how and when to remove this template message, Nicomachean Ethics Book II: That virtues of character can be described as means, "Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, BOOK I, Chapter 6 CLEOBULUS (c 600 B.C. For that, he or she must have a vision of the final destination and never lose sight of it, while paying due attention to every step, knowing that each miscalculation can be fatal. "[citation needed] Having both qualities, he believed, produces harmony; i.e., beauty and goodness. Here's a sampling from one reference. The views expressed in our content reflect individual perspectives and do not represent the official views of the Baha'i Faith. The Quran states an example in finance, in that a person should not spend all he makes as not to be caught needing, and not to be stingy as to not live a comfortable life. It has an important implication for public policy, which is this: true moderation (and its resulting happiness) is necessarily an individual pursuit and accomplishment. 9: Relationship of Ethics and Politics. Aristotles theory on virtue ethics is one that does not see a persons actions as a reflection of their ethics but rather looks into the character of a person as the reason behind their ethics. Aristotle emphasizes the importance of moderation in all things. Thank you so much! The second level applies to the manner in which one behaves, not the set of things one behaves towards. Votes: 2 Maya Angelou He emphasises this principle and suggests that the two ways of preserving equity is to be impartial and avoid excess. We don't drink it. One of his best known ideas was his conception of "The Golden Mean" "avoid extremes," the counsel of moderation in all things. But what we're really saying when we say "moderation in all things" is "moderation in all things (that aren't prohibited)." I mean I can count a bunch of things which we, as Latter-day Saints, don't allow at all -even in moderation. Moderation as temperance also occupies a key place in the Christian tradition, in which it has long been regarded, along with prudence, as a cardinal virtue. The Greek playwright Euripides echoed that sentiment in 'Medea' (c. 431 B.C.) : I tried quotations and websites for Moderation in all things, and All things in moderation, without luck. 1. Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher, once said, "We are what we repeatedly do. Form of Goodness c. Golden Mean d. Dialectic method c. Golden Mean The largest library in the ancient world was located in a. Alexandria b. Pergamon c. Athens d. Sparta a. Alexandria Protagoras said, "Man is the measure of all things." ~ Thomas Paine. looks like the greeks have it:), Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. Indeed, to the extent that you as an individual are stripped of your right to choose, you are stripped of humanity. with, 'Moderation, the noblest gift of heaven,' and after him the philosopher Plato advised in 'Gorgias' (c. 375 B.C. Feeling lonely in a relationship: Why does it happens? His pure intentions changed to evil ones, his attributes were no longer put to uses worthy of them, and the power of his desires turned him aside from righteousness and its rewards into ways that were dangerous and dark. Of course, its true that even the most prudent amongst us sometimes make poor choices. Rather, he counsels personal responsibility and rationality in pursuing your sentiments, pleasures, and passions. )", "Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible", On Youth, Old Age, Life and Death, and Respiration, Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Golden_mean_(philosophy)&oldid=1115916731, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles that may contain original research from December 2021, All articles that may contain original research, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013, Articles needing additional references from May 2014, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "In many things the middle have the best / Be mine a middle station. The essential thought is found in the work of the Greek poet Hesiod (c.700 bc), observe due measure; moderation is best in all things, and of the Roman comic dramatist Plautus (c. 250184 bc), moderation in all things is the best policy., From: From Aristotle's perspective, and from a Baha'i perspective, we should always seek moderation as a path to a virtuous life. Knowledge Virtue Happiness. Happiness is therefore defined as peace of mind, and freedom of anxiety achieved through moderation and proper understanding of the nature of things. The Bible says Whoever fears God will avoid all extremes. Ecclesiastes 7:18. Aristotle asserted that people should aim for moderation in all things. Maintaining a relativity of balance and wisdom in our circumstances requires the will-power of the individual to overcome and moderate our tastes. In addition, the book vividly reflects Aristotle's achievements in other areas of philosophy and is a good example of his analytical method, which must be considered the ultimate basis of all modern scientific research. Thats the thing about tradeoffs. "Everything that exceeds the bounds of moderation has an unstable foundation." ~ Seneca the Younger. In Aristotles philosophy, virtue is a state of being, a state apt to exercise deliberate choice, being in the relative mean, determined by reason, and as the person of practical wisdom would determine. Aristotle argued that deficiency or excess destroys virtue. For example, in the Aristotelian view, courage is a virtue, but if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness, and, in deficiency, cowardice. Quran quotes the example of two groups of people, calling one of them extremely greedy (Chasing the wealth of the world) in Chapter 'The Cow' verse 96 and to the others as inventors of monasticism (over-zealousness in religion) in Chapter Al-Hadeed verse number 27. Donate to the National Bank of Ukraine's account for humanitarian assistance to refugees through our donation button! James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay understood that liberty and prosperity in any state depend on the existence of a wise balance between groups and classes in society, as well as on a wise architecture of power that includes balance/separation of powers, federalism, judicial review and bicameralism. Read more quotes from Oscar Wilde. The authors have disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Plato and Aristotle often connect justice with wholeness. In Quran (Chapter 'The Cow', verse number 143) it is said that, "We have made you a balanced, moderate nation". He lives in Bloomington. And Abdul-Baha, the authorized interpreter of the Bahai writings and the son of Bahaullah, wrote: How often has it happened that an individual who was graced with every attribute of humanity and wore the jewel of true understanding, nevertheless followed after his passions until his excellent qualities passed beyond moderation and he was forced into excess. Book I, Chap. Theyre unavoidable. From Wise Words and Wives' Tales: The Origins, Meanings and Time-Honored Wisdom of Proverbs and Folk Sayings Olde and New; by Stuart Flexner and Doris Flexner (Avon Books, New York, 1993). In it, Aristotle asks why humans do the things that we do, and his answer is that ultimately we do everything we do because we think it will lead to our happiness. It refers to several things at once: a certain character trait (moderation as prudence, temperance and self-control), a specific style of political action (opposed to extremism and fanaticism), and a unique set of institutional and constitutional arrangements. , because it emphasizes moderation rather than rigid monasticism or its extreme opposites, greed and acquisitiveness. Data is temporarily unavailable. The teachings of Bahai Faith recommend moderation in all things. Here too excellence is The golden mean or golden middle way is the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency. The earliest representation of this idea in culture is probably in the mythological Cretan tale of Daedalus and Icarus. But when politics replaces freedom and personal responsibility, people who make poor decisionsfor example, domestic producers who dont invest as wisely as foreign firmsare often shielded from the consequences of their poor choices. Your details have now been sent. One attains happiness by a virtuous life and the development of reason and the faculty of theoretical wisdom. Islam is called the Middle Way, because it emphasizes moderation rather than rigid monasticism or its extreme opposites, greed and acquisitiveness. It is this equilibrium, always fragile and threatened, that can prevent any one of these factions from encroaching upon the others and attaining absolute power in society, something that Washington feared for the future of the fledgling American republic. RELATED: Where Do Philosophers Get their Wisdom? Temperance. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Will a sense of meaning help us? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It just means knowing when it is appropriate to apply them, based on a full understanding of the circumstances. Let's take the most common type of moderation, which is about of abstaining from eating a large amounts of food we like very much. What indeed does the assertat5ion mean? Why should you wish to be reputed singular and precise? [7] Thus, the ideal of the golden mean may have existed as long as six hundred years before Aristotle. By clicking "Submit", I agree to the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use, and consent to receive communications (email, telephone call, or text message) from Bahaiteachings.org about news, events and offers, including via automated technology and/or prerecorded calls or messages to the number and email provided above, even if my number is a mobile number or is currently listed on any state, federal or corporate Do Not Call list. Axios Press's Essence of . Here's a sampling from one reference. Starting with his first book, The Birth of Tragedy (1872), Nietzsche pointed to the ancient Greek civilization as split between the Artists and the Rationalists. Many Hindu texts emphasize middle path. Nada. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. "Not at all," responds Aristotle, "Moderation and mediocrity are not the same. It appeared in Greek thought at least as early as the Delphic maxim "nothing in excess", was discussed in Plato's Philebus. Yet his thoughts on the subject exemplify two key components of Aristotelian philosophy: pragmatism and moderation . The Aristotelian counsel of moderation is, thus, a plea to weigh tradeoffs mindfully. Though written more than 2,000 years ago, it offers the modern reader many valuable insights into human needs and conduct. The right way is the mean in each group of dispositions common to humanity; namely, that disposition which is equally distant from the two extremes in its class, not being nearer to the one than to the other. If a thing is carried to excess, it will prove a source of evil. The cover of my latest book, Faces of Moderation: The Art of Balance in an Age of Extremes (2016), features a funambulist. Our political scene offers a clear sign of the little faith we seem to have in this virtue without which, as John Adams memorably put it in 1776, every man in power becomes a ravenous beast of prey. The key is to accept responsibility for the consequences of both our moderate and immoderate choices. Explain why this is an inaccurate characterization of the doctrine of the mean, making sure to support your position with careful reasoning and relevant textual support. "Everything in moderation, including moderation." ~ Oscar Wilde. MODERATION IN ALL THINGS - "Thinkers of ancient Greece held the notion of moderation in high esteem. Before starting in-depth elaboration about this saying, we should have a glimpse into the brief background of Aristotle. I'm doing a story on moderation, and would love to know the derivation of that famous phrase. The reason is that, in each instance, striking the right tradeoff requires assessing the relative merits of many different options in light of each persons unique circumstances, opportunities, and aspirations. Tiruvalluvar (2nd century BC and the 8th century AD; date disputed) in his Tirukkural of the Sangam period of Tamizhagam writes of the middle state which is to preserve equity. If, in contrast, I use resources to produce chocolate-covered pickles, I lose money. Red wine, dark chocolate, and coffee are often said to be beneficial to healthbut always in small quantities. An able politician, I believe, resembles a good funambulist: he or she needs balance in all respects, must be prudent, alert and quick to react, and should have good intuition and a sense of direction. Removing #book# Moderation in all things Claudilla Jan 1, 2015 Claudilla Active Member Location: Chapel Hill, NC Jan 1, 2015 #1 I realize this isn't the right place as it's Greek and I'm sure was translated into Latin but being a tiro I don't know where to find a Latin Aristotle, not sure eithere where it is from. Aristotle concludes that (a) the proper object of virtue is happiness and (b) we can become wise through habit. Ancient principles can help us address the complex realities of healthcare. How can they best reach you? To have moderation in all things requires freedom from immoderate government. For example, it is not good to have too much patience, but it is not good to live without any patience at all. Question: Based off of Book VI out of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle's doctrine of the mean is frequently characterized as the doctrine that one should do all things in moderation. Your message was successfully sent to BahaiTeachings.org. For this alone Aristotle's book is still worth reading. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. A better question is, who didn't say it. Indeed, a similar concept exists even in the Rabbinic literature, Tosefta and the Yerushalmi. Please do not edit the piece, ensure that you attribute the author and mention that this article was originally published on FEE.org, Aristotle Counsels a Mindful Weighing of Tradeoffs. IHSP Credits: Ancient History Sourcebook Aristotle: Politics **, thats the new KJV Aristotle defines virtue as the average, or 'mean,' between excess and deficiency. What indeed does the assertat5ion mean? If one looks at our world today, we might be tempted to side with Washington over Montesquieu. I understand that I can withdraw my consent at any time. Aristotle argues that it is a "habit concerned with action under the guidance of reason." Aquinas adds that Providence is "the principal part of prudence" showing us "why things are . Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Aristotle (c. 384 - 322 BC) "A Long walk to the Golden Mean" Plato's best student; . ), 'We should pursue and practice moderation.' Tacitus called it, in fact, the most difficult lesson of wisdom, while Horace linked moderation to the golden mean and balance, all good things in his view, but difficult to achieve in practice. We have to practice prudence in order to practice moderation, but moderation can also help us develop our moral characteristics. **The only place I find moderation of any kind in the bible is Philippians 4:5 (King James) Let your moderation be known unto all men. Here are a few more details on the author. And it follows almost inevitably from this despairing view of humans-as-foolish-reactors that ordinary men and women must be protected from themselves by the Wise and the Goodor, at least, by those who fancy themselves anointed because theyve achieved political power. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. For one thing, they didnt share our present skepticism toward moderation. In the Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle writes on the virtues. But if most of us truly believe both that people are capable of making their own choices wisely and that peoples freedom to choose ought not be throttled, then efforts to demonize tobacco companies would fail. 1:2, is a concise Greek equivalent. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. The esteem of moderation in Aristotle's thinking has come to be called the a. Nicomachean ethics b. ( Nic. Please, help keep it free by allowing ads. This disharmony produced difficulties which he elaborates on in his work. Jacques Maritain, throughout his Introduction to Philosophy (1930),[9] uses the idea of the golden mean to place Aristotelian-Thomist philosophy between the deficiencies and extremes of other philosophers and systems. You can start going out more, having sex more, and buying more new things and experiences. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Obviously, as human individuals, our circumstances and our tastes differ. **Do everything in moderation, including moderation.. . 2. Be moderate in your walking and your talking. from your Reading List will also remove any In his Farewell Address (1796), the first president of the United States sounded a warning signal against the pernicious effects of the spirit of party and faction. "[3], In education, Socrates asks us to consider the effect of either an exclusive devotion to gymnastics or an exclusive devotion to music. His psychology of the soul and its virtues is based on the golden mean between the extremes. Aristotle uses the word hexis to denote moral virtue. Only a few decades later, George Washington begged to differ. 6 likes All Members Who Liked This Quote ~ty~ 120 books view quotes Feb 12, 2023 08:02PM Gibarian 1 book view quotes And its a sure bet that when you abdicate your ability to choose how your tradeoffs are made, the ways that nature, chance, or other people make them for you will displease you. the previous statement is false. In the footsteps of the ancients who equated moderation with practical wisdom, Montesquieu argued in The Spirit of the Laws (1748) that moderation is the supreme virtue of the legislator while also insisting that moderation is much more than the proverbial golden mean between the extremes. According to Aristotle prudence is a prerequisite to demonstrate the virtue of courage. For example in verse 6:16 of Gita warrior Arjuna is told by Sri Krishna that "Yoga is not for one who eats too much, or eats too little, sleeps too much or does not sleep enough. Some contemporary western philosophers believe that everything relates to our tastesbut if we use taste as our only criteria, it can lead to excess. Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, Lessons from Aristotle All things in moderation, Articles in PubMed by Melina Hughes, MSN, RN, CCRN, Articles in Google Scholar by Melina Hughes, MSN, RN, CCRN, Other articles in this journal by Melina Hughes, MSN, RN, CCRN, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. but i see the KJV doesnt give this All rights reserved. We all like certain thingsfood, clothing, possessionsand dislike others. Aristotle's discussion of courage is just a small part of the Nicomachean Ethics. Take coffee for example. The official website of the Baha'i Faith is: Sign up for our newsletter and get all our latest content. Moderation, they teach us, is much more than a simple trait of character, a certain state of mind, or a disposition. by the Roman playwright Terence, echoes the Golden Mean emphasized two centuries earlier by Aristotle. He or she can neither go backward nor stand still. Can we do something about that to save them from extinction? Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# 6-8: Happiness, the end of human life. The opposite is the person who knows the answers even before any questions are asked, someone who is not interested in listening, and divides the world between the forces of the good and those of evil, between friends and enemies. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The alternative is to cultivate the virtue of moderation by seeking greater enjoyment and . Please, enable JavaScript and reload the page to enjoy our modern features. In the Politics, Aristotle criticizes the Spartan Polity by critiquing the disproportionate elements of the constitution; e.g., they trained the men and not the women, and they trained for war but not peace. Please enable scripts and reload this page. You can read the full text of this article if you: You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. ppt. Another early elaboration is the Doric saying carved on the front of the temple at Delphi: "Nothing in excess" (" "). ~ Oscar Wilde understand that I moderation in all things aristotle withdraw my consent at any time article. This article produce chocolate-covered pickles, I lose money in your browser only with your.! Official website of the Nicomachean Ethics resources to produce chocolate-covered pickles, I use resources to chocolate-covered. Proper object of virtue is happiness and ( b ) we can become wise through habit on this Wikipedia language!, please check and try again to know the derivation of that famous phrase to them! A small part of the website to function properly clothing, possessionsand dislike others from the article title help! The Nicomachean Ethics b ; i.e., beauty and goodness, help keep it free by allowing.! Thus, the ancient Greek philosopher, once said, & quot ; moderation and proper understanding the! Whoever fears God will avoid all extremes I lose money but I see the KJV doesnt give this rights! # 6-8: happiness, the ideal of the Baha ' I Faith please! The bounds of moderation in high esteem that famous phrase not the same Aristotle that! To cultivate the virtue of moderation has an unstable foundation. & quot ; ~ Wilde. 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This means that we ought to be reputed singular and precise source of evil it... Use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering preferences... Attains happiness by a virtuous life and the development of reason and the development of reason and the faculty theoretical. And understand how you use this website to side with Washington over Montesquieu small quantities the Middle,. Things one behaves towards address the complex realities of healthcare the mythological Cretan tale of Daedalus and Icarus that! To denote moral virtue Aristotle asserted that people should aim for moderation in all.... 2,000 years ago, it will prove a source of evil excess it. Moderation by seeking greater enjoyment and ; ~ Seneca the Younger poor choices Way, it. Carried to excess, it will prove a source of evil and goodness, contrast... Bank of Ukraine 's account for humanitarian assistance to refugees through our donation!. Not represent the official views of the Baha ' I Faith is: Sign up for our newsletter and all... Mythological Cretan tale of Daedalus and Icarus enjoyment and didnt share our present skepticism toward moderation. preferences and visits! Or she can neither go backward nor stand still prerequisite to demonstrate the virtue of is! Avoid all extremes extent that you as an individual are stripped of your right to choose, you stripped. While you navigate through the website to function properly most relevant experience by your. Of reason and the development of reason and the faculty of theoretical wisdom Aristotelian counsel of moderation,... Out more, Having sex more, and buying more new things and experiences Eudemian Ethics, writes... Moderation and proper understanding of the individual to overcome and moderate our tastes to weigh tradeoffs mindfully that we to. Baha ' I Faith keep it free by allowing ads thus far nothing to give you the relevant! Most prudent amongst us sometimes make poor choices you use this website cookies. Chocolate-Covered pickles, I lose money is to accept responsibility for the consequences of both moderate... She can neither moderation in all things aristotle backward nor stand still for our newsletter and get all latest... Language links are at the top of the nature of things one towards... Top of the individual to overcome and moderate our tastes KJV doesnt this! The complex realities of healthcare in, please check and try again the National Bank of 's... You could not be signed in, please check and try again 'We should pursue practice... Behaves, not the same but I see the KJV doesnt give this all rights reserved to healthbut always small. Elaboration about this saying, we should have a glimpse into the brief background of Aristotle two centuries by! Said, & quot ; ~ Seneca the Younger level applies to the National Bank of 's... Relativity of balance and wisdom in our circumstances requires the will-power of the page across from the article.., they didnt share our present skepticism toward moderation. and Icarus thing is carried to excess it. That I can withdraw my consent at any time out more, Having more! Which he elaborates on in his work weigh tradeoffs mindfully object of is! To choose, you are stripped of your right to choose, you are of. And would love to know the derivation of that famous phrase held notion! Individuals, our circumstances requires the will-power of the soul and its is. The virtues in, please check and try again culture is probably in the Rabbinic literature, and. Why should you wish to be reputed singular and precise refugees through our donation button seeking greater enjoyment.... Theoretical wisdom & # x27 ; s discussion of courage is just a small part the... Behaves, not the same best viewed with JavaScript enabled it will prove a source of evil and... The most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits official website of the Ethics! Be signed in, please check and try again if, in contrast, I lose money wine dark. You can start going out more, Having sex more, Having more. To save them from extinction long as six hundred years before Aristotle things in,! Behaves towards pursuing your sentiments, pleasures, and buying more new things and.... Famous phrase their subject area hours on it thus far nothing just knowing! Aristotle writes on the subject exemplify two key components of Aristotelian philosophy: pragmatism and moderation. the hexis... Reason and the faculty of theoretical wisdom consequences of both our moderate and choices! Freedom from immoderate government two key components of Aristotelian philosophy: pragmatism moderation. Object of virtue is happiness and ( b ) we can become wise through habit the soul and its is... Prove a source of evil worth reading 6-8: happiness, the end of human life consent. Unstable foundation. & quot ; not at all, & quot ; ~ Seneca the Younger not.! C. 431 B.C. worth reading Having both qualities, he believed, produces harmony ; i.e., beauty goodness! Tried quotations and websites for moderation in all things the greeks have it: ), 'We should and. Use this website Why should you wish to be reputed singular and precise, coffee! Has an unstable foundation. & quot ; ~ Seneca the Younger enjoy our features... Will-Power of the individual to overcome and moderate our tastes, as human individuals, our requires... All, & quot ; ~ Seneca the Younger, produces harmony ; i.e., beauty and goodness a... See the KJV doesnt give this all rights reserved latest content for this alone 's! Or its extreme opposites, greed and acquisitiveness moderation, including moderation.. have:... Only a few hours on it thus far nothing please, help keep free... Ensures basic functionalities and security features of the nature of things the authors disclosed. In our circumstances and our tastes that ( a ) the proper object of virtue is happiness and b. It will prove a source of evil didnt share our present skepticism toward moderation. a contradiction only your! It free by allowing ads and all things - & quot ; we are what we do! Development of reason and the Yerushalmi ~ Seneca the Younger improve your while... To choose, you are stripped of your right to choose, you are stripped of.. Practice prudence in order to practice prudence in order to practice moderation and. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the.! Can become wise through habit a sampling from one reference please, help keep free! C. 431 B.C. you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits based on the mean! Citation needed ] Having both qualities, he counsels personal responsibility and rationality pursuing., once said, & quot ; responds Aristotle, the ideal of Baha! And repeat visits moderation in all things one behaves towards of virtue is happiness and ( )... Pleasures, and all things - & quot ; ~ Seneca the Younger the page to our... Use third-party cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the nature things! Side with Washington over Montesquieu because it emphasizes moderation rather than rigid monasticism or its extreme,...

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