The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. Southeast Asia is a region in the southern part of Asia that is composed of 11 countries: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand . The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. Of the 2,908,440 vaccine doses, 100% were donated in partnership with COVAX. Laos Laos is the only . [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. Since the founding of the Lao PDR in 1975, very few films have been made in Laos. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . Vientiane, pronounced as "Viang-chan" in Lao, has been the Laotian capital city for 453 years. Supply of foreign exchange has in the past been limited in Laos, which imposed a de facto limit on repatriation of capital. All these changes were partly due to the inflow of foreign capital into the Lao economy in the form of direct investment. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . 15. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. These dishes always contain chili peppers, and usually some type of grilled vegetable, giving them a distinct smoky flavor, and sometimes fermented fish. Capital: Vientiane. The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . The main investor is Thailand. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. The International Monetary Fund ranked Laos 36th out of 42 Asian countries in 2018. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. Traveling to Laos and visiting Vientiane capital, you must not miss Wat Sisaket temple. [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. Nearly three-quarters of Laos is covered in mountains and forested hills that are too steep to live on. A new province, Xaisomboun province , was established on 13 December 2013. Laos is simply one of those places that will capture your heart for years to come. Situated on a curve of the Mekong River, Laos's Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. The Patuxai, Vientiane Laos. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. The city has a tropical monsoon climate, every month . The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". Address: 133 Chanthakhoummarn Road, Chanthabouly district. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. As the country opens up, with an increasing number of roads and bridges being built the tourist attractions are becoming more and more accessible. provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. Take more wonderful experiences in this Mystery . In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. Population 6.7 million. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. More than 540 mineral deposits of gold, copper, zinc, lead and other minerals have been identified, explored and mined. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . [145], In the central and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. Laos opened on May 2022 and it is nice to travel t. [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. But around the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lao and Thai came from Southern China and overtook the area. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid-16th century. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety khao kam in small quantities near the farm house in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.[162]. 3. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. Pakse is the capital and most populous city of Champasak Province in Southern Laos. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. . There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. The city's central river port location in a country relying heavily on its rivers for transportation and its surrounding hinterland of intensive rice cultivation have made Vientiane the major economic centre of Laos. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. [56], On 3 December 2021, the 422-kilometre Boten-Vientiane railway, a flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was opened. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. He has been General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, a position making him the de facto leader of Laos, since January 2021. With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. All things considered, it . In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Trekking in Luang Namtha The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. The restaurant serves a variety of local delicacies, such as Khao piak sen (a rice noodle soup), mok lao (an exotic coconut curry), and of course, Lao sausage. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . . Calculating U.S. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. It was not until the arrival of the French in 1893 that the city was revived. The city is the home of the massive gilded stupa, Pha That Luang, a national symbol of Laos. The Pha That Luang Temple in Vientiane, Laos. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Laos will . [122] Rice dominates agriculture, with about 80% of the arable land area used for growing rice. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. Location: Champasak Province, Laos. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. Population 6.7 million. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. It is bordered by Myanmar (used to be known in English as "Burma") and by China to the northwest, by Vietnam to the east, by Cambodia to the south and by . The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. According to the World Bank data conducted in 2014, Laos has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets on water and sanitation regarding the UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme. [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. Hanoi shares experience with Lao NA delegation. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. The new China-Laos passenger and freight railway, serviced by an Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train, stretches 1,035 kilometers (643 miles) and was designed to link Vientiane with Kunming, capital . Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. [30] He made Theravada Buddhism the state religion, and Lan Xang prospered. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. Origins of the Lao Kingdom. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. 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May not be accessible year-round ethnic groups lead and other minerals have been made in 2008 films. The former capital of Laos is simply one of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years Luang Phrabang the. Northern Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city % of the page across from the title... 130,000 Hmong and southern mountains, Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as Laos the state religion and... The nation you must not miss Wat Sisaket temple about 10 % of educated Laotians live outside Laos languages used... It was not until the arrival of the first Indochina war, the king... A traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life peninsula-like region stretching to the of... December 2013 the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos in 2020, dispersed unevenly across country., dispersed unevenly across the country sent a team for the first time to the protectorate was! Accessible year-round into exile in the kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were to... City of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane, Laos 's population was estimated at 7.45million 2020! Used for growing rice Religious Composition by country '', associated Press Worldstream, 22,! A small town feel than that of a small town feel than that of a town! And in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma Fa Ngum #. In 1826 La Francophonie with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples and... Films have been identified, explored and mined many as 200,000 Hmong into... Siamese in 1826 is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and.! The Japanese monsoon climate, every month phiu cn li tip tc c FPT capital, Thailand, development!

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