[57] Again, Bragg ordered a series of raids to disrupt the communications of the U.S. Army forces under Grant, which were threatening the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Modern historians generally believe that Forrest's attack on Fort Pillow was a massacre, noting high casualty rates and the rebels targeting black soldiers. [60][61], The U.S. Army gained military control of Tennessee in 1862 and occupied it for the duration of the war, having taken control of strategic cities and railroads. [227] Forrest's claim that the Fort Pillow massacre was an invention of U.S. reporters is contradicted by letters written by Confederate soldiers to their own families, which described extreme brutality on the part of Confederate troops. [235], In the 1990 PBS documentary The Civil War by Ken Burns, historian Shelby Foote states in Episode 7 that the Civil War produced two "authentic geniuses": Abraham Lincoln and Nathan Bedford Forrest. Conflicting accounts of what occurred were given later.[87][88][89]. [192] Consequently, Memphis sold the park land to Memphis Greenspace, a non-profit entity not subject to the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act, which immediately removed the monument as explained below. Nathan Bedford Forrest. According to Richard L. Fuchs, "records concerning the fate of the black prisoners are either nonexistent or unreliable". The Civil War scholar Bruce Catton writes: Forrest used his horsemen as a modern general would use motorized infantry. [13] Forrest's family lived in a log house (now preserved as the Nathan Bedford Forrest Boyhood Home) from 1830 to 1833. [21][22] By the time the American Civil War started in 1861, he had become one of the wealthiest men in the Southern United States, having amassed a "personal fortune that he claimed was worth $1.5 million". An expert cavalry leader, Forrest was given command of a corps and established new doctrines for mobile forces, earning the nickname "The Wizard of the Saddle". Hood ordered Forrest to conduct an independent raid against the Murfreesboro garrison. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Parents and Siblings. This unit, which varied in size from 40 to 90 men, constituted the elite of his cavalry. Nathan Bedford Forrest War, Ku Klux Klan, League 168 Copy quote I loved the old government in 1861. [33], Forrest had twelve brothers and sisters; two of his eight brothers and three of his four sisters died of typhoid fever at an early age, all at about the same time. [197] It is now the site of the Arnold Engineering Development Center. It is reported that he had killed seven persons with this sword during the war. ", "Sons of Confederate Veterans 'Put to Rest for Eternity' Gen. Nathan Bedford in Columbia, Tennessee", Animated History of The Campaigns of Nathan Bedford Forrest, General Nathan Bedford Forrest Historical Society, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials. Laying down the body, Forrest spread his handkerchief over his dead brother's face and, calling on a member of his escort to remain with the corpse, he mounted his horse and said to those who were present: "Follow me.". [80] Booth and his adjutant were killed in the battle, leaving Fort Pillow under the command of Major William Bradford. When Forrest rose and approached the bully his larger challenger's "purpose evaporated. His opponent, U.S. Army Brig. [166] Forrest rode to the convention on a train that was stopped just outside of a small town along the way, when he was confronted by a well-known fighter shouting "d----d butcher" and wanting to "thrash" him. Gen. James Chalmers, attacked and recaptured Fort Pillow. Middle Tennessee. The losses were a deep blow to the black regiment under Sturgis's command. [144] Another member wrote, "N. B. Jack Hurst, another Forrest historian, described him as a physically imposing man for the time: He was more than 6 feet tall and weighed 180 pounds, Hurst wrote in "Nathan Bedford Forrest: A . He denied membership, but his role in the KKK was beyond the scope of the investigating committee, which wrote: "Our design is not to connect General Forrest with this order (the reader may form his own conclusion upon this question)". [101], Because of the events at Fort Pillow, the U.S. public and press viewed Forrest as a war criminal. [147][148][149][150][151][152][153], Following the war, the United States Congress began passing the Reconstruction Acts to specify conditions for the readmission of former Confederate States to the United States,[154][155][156] including ratification of the Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth (1870) Amendments to the United States Constitution. Prominent ex-Confederates, including Forrest, the Grand Wizard of the Klan, and South Carolina's Wade Hampton, attended as delegates at the 1868 Democratic Convention, held at Tammany Hall headquarters at 141 East 14th Street in New York City. [191] However, on October 13, 2017, the Tennessee Historical Commission invoked the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act of 2013 and U.S. Public Law 85-425: Sec. On July 13, 1862, led them into the First Battle of Murfreesboro, as a result of which all of the U.S. units surrendered to Forrest. [80] Forrest had reached the fort at 10:00 am after a hard ride from Mississippi,[80] and his horse was soon shot out from under him, causing him to fall to the ground. Consequently, his role at Fort Pillow was a stigmatizing one for him the rest of his life, both professionally and personally,[229][230] and contributed to his business problems after the war. Nathan Bedford Forrest In The Civil War Forrest volunteered as a private in the Confederate Army on June 14, 1861, but at the request of Tennessee's governor, Isham G. Harris, he raised and equipped an entire cavalry battalion at his own expense; the former private was made a lieutenant colonel. Nathan Bedford Forrest was a self-taught man who made his fortune as a cotton planter and trader of enslaved people. Park Office / Visitor Center. [103][104], S.C. Gwynne writes, "Forrest's responsibility for the massacre has been actively debated for a century and a half. He wanted nothing more to do with the Klan, but felt honor bound to protect former associates. The crowd of mourners was estimated to include 20,000 people. Forrest's notoriety only increased . [12][13] Forrest was the first son of Mariam (Beck) and William Forrest. He was particularly famous for his determination to be "first with the most men." He was born in Chapel Hill, Tennessee, on July 13, 1821. [208] In 2013, the board voted 70 to begin the process to rename the school. In all, the maneuver cost Forrest 96 men killed and 396 wounded. "Every moment lost is worth the life of a thousand men". [209][210][211] In 2005, Shelby County Commissioner Walter Bailey started an effort to move the statue over Forrest's grave and rename Forrest Park. Mary Frances . After success in achieving the objectives specified by Hood, Forrest engaged U.S. forces near Murfreesboro on December 5, 1864. Streight's goal changed from dismantling the railroad to escaping the pursuit. Nathan Bedford Forrest. Nathan Bedford Forrest High Resolution Photograph.jpg 861 1,385; 551 KB. Forrest rarely drank and abstained from tobacco use; he was often described as generally mild-mannered, but according to Hosea and other contemporaries who knew him, his demeanor changed drastically when provoked or angered. [46] Forrest's command included his Escort Company (his "Special Forces"), for which he selected the best soldiers available. Forrest probably organized a statewide Klan network in Georgia during these visits. [69] Forrest was thought to have been fatally wounded by Gould, but he recovered and was ready to fight in the Chickamauga Campaign. During the war, he became interested in the area around Crowley's Ridge and took up civilian life in 1865 in Memphis, Tennessee. A bust sculpted by Jane Baxendale is on display at the Tennessee State Capitol building in Nashville. A common report is that Forrest arrived in Nashville in April 1867 while the Klan was meeting at the Maxwell House Hotel, probably at the encouragement of a state Klan leader, former Confederate general George Gordon. We chose General Forrest". Nathan B. Forrest III was born in Memphis, Tenn., in April 1905. His mother, Miriam, then married James Horatio Luxton, of Marshall, Texas, in 1843 and gave birth to four more children.[36]. Subsequently, then-Mayor A C Wharton urged that the statue of Forrest be removed from the Health Sciences Park and suggested that the remains of Forrest and his wife be relocated to their original burial site in nearby Elmwood Cemetery. [13], In 1841 Forrest went into business with his uncle Jonathan Forrest in Hernando, Mississippi. The Horrors and Cruelties of the Scene Intensified. After serving as the president of the Selma, Marion and Memphis Railroad, he settled on managing a plantation manned by convict labour. Apr 6, 2013. [102] The Chicago Tribune said Forrest and his brothers were "slave drivers and woman whippers", while Forrest himself was described as "mean, vindictive, cruel, and unscrupulous". [216], Forrest is considered one of the Civil War's most brilliant tacticians by the historian Spencer C. [62] Forrest chased Streight's men for 16 days, harassing them all the way. The following scene satirically depicts Hanks as Forrest in a Ku Klux Klan outfit, donning a hood and being superimposed into Klan footage from The Birth of a Nation. Though Forrest had no prior formal military training or experience, he had exhibited leadership and soon proved he could successfully employ tactics. Joe Rondone/The Commercial Appeal/USA Today Network CNN Crews have started to. [82] As the U.S. Army troops surrendered, Forrest's men opened fire, slaughtering black and white U.S. Army soldiers. He served as the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, a secret vigilante organization which launched a reign of . [58][59], Forrest returned to his base in Mississippi with more men than he had started with. The association voted unanimously to amend its constitution to expressly forbid publicly advocating for or hinting at any association of white women and girls as being in the same classes as "females of the negro race". Now often recast as "Getting there firstest with the mostest",[224] this misquote first appeared in a New York Tribune article written to provide colorful comments in reaction to European interest in Civil War generals. Birthday: July 13, 1821 ( Cancer) Born In: Bedford County, Tennessee, United States 24 18 Military Leaders #37 Leaders #221 Quick Facts Nick Name: Old Bed, Devil Forrest, Wizard of the Saddle Died At Age: 56 Family: father: William Forrest mother: Miriam Beck siblings: Colonel Jesse Forrest, John Cimprich Military Leaders American Men [98] The 226 U.S. Army troops taken prisoner at Fort Pillow were marched under guard to Holly Springs, Mississippi and then convoyed to Demopolis, Alabama. A U.S. infantryman on the ground beside Forrest fired a musket ball at him with a point-blank shot, nearly knocking him out of the saddle. Afterwards, he admitted to 'gentlemanly lies'. In August 2000, a road on Fort Bliss named for Forrest decades earlier was renamed for former post commander Richard T. Over 100,000 men from Tennessee served with the Confederacy, and over 31,000 served with the U.S. Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealth as a cotton plantation owner, horse, and cattle trader, real estate broker, and slave trader. He used his cavalry troops as mounted infantry and often deployed artillery as the lead in battle, thus helping to "revolutionize cavalry tactics",[3] although the Confederate high command is seen by some commentators to have underappreciated his talents. They were later reburied in Columbia, Tennessee. Nathan Bedford Forrest's critics have called him everything from a violent backwoodsman, illiterate redneck, and cruel slaver, to a crooked politician, unfaithful husband, and simple-minded hillbilly. Nathan Bedford Forrest Born: 13-Jul - 1821 Birthplace: Chapel Hill, TN Died: 29-Oct - 1877 Location of death: Memphis, TN Cause of death: Diabetes complications Remains: Buried, Forrest Park, Memphis, TN Gender: Male Race or Ethnicity: White Sexual orientation: Straight Occupation: Military Nationality: United States "Get there first with the most men". [93] The rebels said the U.S. flag was still flying over the fort, which indicated that the force had not formally surrendered. Colonel Stephen G. Hicks: "if I have to storm your works, you may expect no quarter." DEO VINDICE". But there is more to the story than that. He attended Georgia Institute of Technology from 1924 to 1934, and was commissioned in the Cavalry from West Point in 1928. . [172] In Louisiana, 1,000 blacks were killed to suppress Republican voting. [204][205] A monument to Forrest at a corner of Veterans Plaza in Rome, Georgia was erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy in 1909 to honor his bravery for defending Rome from U.S. Army Colonel Abel Streight and his cavalry.[206]. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he raised a cavalry and fought with. Birth: 6 Jul 1801 in NC Death: 1837 in Salem,Tippah,MS PEDI: birth Father: Nathan Forrest b: 28 Oct 1776 in ,Orange,NC Mother: Nancy Shepherd Baugh b: 16 Apr 1778 in VA Marriage 1 Mariam Beck b: Abt 1801 in SC Married: 1820 in Gallatin,Bedford,TN Children 1. A successful cavalry commander during the Civil War noted for his tactics of mobile warfare,. [97] It was the Confederacy's publicly stated position that formerly enslaved people firing on whites would be killed on the spot, along with Southern whites that fought for the Union, whom the Confederacy considered traitors. Historians have differed in their interpretations of the events at Fort Pillow. [109] When Sturgis's Federal army came upon the crossroads, they collided with Forrest's cavalry. Perhaps the most highly regarded cavalry and partisan ( guerrilla) leader in the war, Forrest is regarded by many military historians as that conflict's most innovative and successful general. [170], During the presidential election of 1868, the Ku Klux Klan, under the leadership of Forrest, and other terrorist groups, used brutal violence and intimidation against blacks and Republican voters. I do not hate it; I am opposing now only the radical revolutionists who are trying to destroy it. 1887-1961. [214] A significant push to change its name failed on February 16, 2018, when the governor-controlled Tennessee Historical Commission denied Middle Tennessee State University's petition to rename Forrest Hall. "[177], After the lynch mob murder of four black people who had been arrested for defending themselves in a brawl at a barbecue, Forrest wrote to Tennessee Governor John C. Brown in August 1874 and "volunteered to help 'exterminate' those men responsible for the continued violence against the blacks", offering "to exterminate the white marauders who disgrace their race by this cowardly murder of Negroes". Their fort turned out to be a great slaughter pen. [105] Here, the mobility of the troops under his command and his superior tactics led to victory,[106][107] allowing him to continue harassing U.S. forces in southwestern Tennessee and northern Mississippi throughout the war. Hicks refused to comply with the ultimatum, and according to his subsequent report, Forrest's troops took a position and set up a battery of guns while a flag of truce was still up. The aphorism was addressed and corrected as "Ma'am, I got there first with the most men" by a New York Times story in 1918. [213] The ROTC building at MTSU had been named Forrest Hall to honor him in 1958, but the frieze depicting General Forrest on horseback that had adorned the side of the building was removed amid protests in 2006. Nathan Bedford Forrest Wizard of the Saddle (7222843292).jpg 750 1,050; 290 KB. "[123], As a former enslaver, Forrest experienced the abolition of slavery at the war's end as a major financial setback. Nathan Bedford Forrest died in 1877 from health complications related to his diabetes, leaving behind a legacy of racism, first as a slave trader, then as a soldier in the Confederate Army where he became one of the south's greatest military strategists, and following the Civil War when he joined the KKK and became a grand wizard of one of the . [240][239] The Mississippi NAACP petitioned Governor Haley Barbour to denounce the plates and prevent their distribution. For Selma, of all places, to have a big monument to a Klansman is totally unacceptable". Nathan Bedford Forrest birth b: 13 Jul 1821 in Bedford then now,TN 2. Congress and Grant passed the Enforcement Acts from 1870 to 1871 to protect the "registration, voting, officeholding, or jury service" of African Americans. [255] Sexton said that he believed the removal of the bust "aligns with the teaching of communism. He had exhausted his fortune during the war, and with the abolition of slavery he lost one of his most valuable avenues for making money. [23], Forrest was well-known as a Memphis speculator and Mississippi gambler. Forrest's Confederate forces were accused of subjecting captured U.S. Army soldiers to extreme brutality, with allegations of back-shooting soldiers who fled into the river, shooting wounded soldiers, burning men alive, nailing men to barrels and igniting them, crucifixion, and hacking men to death with sabers. On June 13, 1863, Gould confronted Forrest about his transfer, which escalated into a violent exchange. Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 October 29, 1877) was a prominent Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from 1867 to 1869. Upon seeing how badly equipped the CSA was, Forrest offered to buy horses and equipment with his own money for a regiment of Tennessee volunteer soldiers. [247] The City Council then voted on December 20, 2017, to sell Health Sciences Park to Memphis Greenspace, a new non-profit corporation not subject to the Heritage Protection Act, which removed the statue and another of Jefferson Davis that same evening. [116] Facing a disastrous defeat, Forrest argued bitterly with Hood (his superior officer) demanding permission to cross the Harpeth River and cut off the escape route of U.S. Army Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield's army. Grant . In July 2021, Tennessee officials voted to move Forrest's bust from the State Capitol to the Tennessee State Museum. [196] The World War II Army base Camp Forrest in Tullahoma, Tennessee was named after him. He was not as successful in railroad promotion as in war, and, under his direction, the company went bankrupt. The poor deluded negroes would run up to our men fall upon their knees and with uplifted hands scream for mercy but they were ordered to their feet and then shot down. [126], He later found employment at the Selma-based Marion & Memphis Railroad and eventually became the company president. The historical record does not support his repeated denials that he knew a massacre was taking place or that he even knew a massacre had occurred at all. Forrest was blamed for the slaughter in the U.S. press, and this news may have strengthened the United States's resolve to win the war. [176] George Cantor, a biographer of Confederate generals, wrote, "Forrest ducked and weaved, denying all knowledge, but admitted he knew some of the people involved. Forrest became well known for his early use of maneuver tactics as applied to a mobile horse cavalry deployment. Forrest sent a full charge after the retreating army and captured 16 artillery pieces, 176 wagons, and 1,500 stands of small arms. 731-593-6445. -- Nathan Bedford Forrest #Military #Firsts "I have never on the field of battle sent you where I was unwilling to go myself, nor would I now advise you to a course which I felt myself unwilling to pursue. [51][52] Forrest arranged for heavy ordnance machinery, including a new cannon rifling machine and fourteen cannons, as well as parts from the Nashville Armory, to be sent to Atlanta for use by the Confederate Army. [143] James R. Crowe stated, "After the order grew to large numbers we found it necessary to have someone of large experience to command. Achieving the objectives specified by hood, Forrest returned to his base in with. 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Hicks: `` if I have to your... Under his direction, the company went bankrupt to the black prisoners either!, League 168 Copy quote I loved the old government in 1861 to... After success in achieving the objectives specified by hood, Forrest returned to his base Mississippi... President of the bust `` aligns with the Klan, a secret nathan bedford forrest siblings organization which a. Known for his tactics of mobile warfare, with this sword during the Civil War noted for his early of! War criminal begin the process to rename the school the losses were a deep blow to the State... Now the site of the Ku Klux Klan, but felt honor bound to former... Wizard of the bust `` aligns with the teaching of communism which varied in from! And prevent their distribution bust from the State Capitol building in Nashville 1924 to 1934, and stands. ] as the first Grand Wizard of the page across from the Capitol. S notoriety only increased more men than he had exhibited leadership and proved. Uncle Jonathan Forrest in Hernando, Mississippi Jul 1821 in Bedford then now, TN 2 as... More men than he had killed seven persons with this sword during the War exhibited leadership and soon he. They collided with Forrest 's men opened fire, slaughtering black and white U.S. soldiers... Probably organized a statewide Klan network in Georgia during these visits artillery,! His larger challenger 's `` purpose evaporated as applied to a mobile horse cavalry deployment a Memphis and.

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